case study Essay - 774 Words

Summary: The ally bank launched in 2009, when the market is at worst time possible but that time everyone is looking forward for a new brand and ally bank came up with creative idea was simple to build a better bank for customer rights. GMAC officially changed its name to â€Å"Ally Bank†. Ally bank comes up in market with a large customer and success rate of small business. They gave customer the online banking service that is extending its services due to that there is a less overhead but interest rates are higher as compared to other competitors. They provide the mobile service and social media services to the customers. Ally bank has focused on providing 24/7 customer service. Question and Answer: Question 1: Conduct an internal†¦show more content†¦Money Market Account: There is facility for check card with free ATM transaction but there is limit for six withdrawals per month. Ally bank CD options: There is an offer for no penalty cd, fixed rate cd with no fees for early withdrawals. New account and services: Ally Bank IRA’S: Services provide by ally bank can be managed through IRA. Four year raise your rate cd: Raising the cd rate twice in 4-year duration. Ally perks program: If customer will use debit card, bank will reward some money to the customer. Pop money: Send money any time in the united state through mobile, online account, email address. Bankruptcy- GMAC ResCap : GMAC ResCap, owned by ally financial is a financial services company that focuses on residential loans. In May 15, 2012 Ally launch the company in the bankruptcy. Future focus: Increased the number of customer. Focused on new product and offers to launch. Question 4: Define the pressing issues requiring immediate attention from corporate leaders. What corporate structure makes the best sense in the current situation? What are the reasons behind your position? Answer: Ally bank and its leaders are facing a difficult and challenging issued. The forty percentage customers are target but rest of the customer doesn’t know what the product is. The leaders areShow MoreRelatedCase Studies : A Case Study Approach Essay1157 Words   |  5 PagesA case study is a specific instance that is frequently designed to illustrate a more general principle (Nisbet and Watt, 1984). Hitchock and Hughes (1995) further suggest that the case study approach is particularly valuable when the researcher has little control over evens. Case studies strives to portray ‘what it like’ to be a particular situation, to catch up reality and ‘thick description’ (Geertz, 1973) of participants’ lives experiences of, thoughts about and feelings for a situation. TheyRead MoreCase Study887 Words   |  4 PagesCHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Reasons choose the case 1.2 The Problems The problems of this case are: 1. How would you characterize Lincoln Electric’s strategy? 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Gay Marriage Critique Paper - 1016 Words

Jackie Lien English 101 Critique of Bennett’s â€Å"Gay Marriage: Not a Very Good Idea.† Gay Marriage is always an argumentative topic in our society today, or perhaps the most controversial issue in 21st century is the concept of accepting homosexual marriage into our life as a way that we viewed the normal marriage. Gay marriage is always a debatable topic in both political and ethnical ways, because the idea of same sex marriage is against people’s norm. By the definition of Marriage today is different than traditional heterosexual marriage, many people believed that marriage between a man and women is nature. However, Gay marriage advocates also defined the same sex couple marriage as normal trend in today’s society. The United State†¦show more content†¦We may sometimes ask that is the information Bennett used fair to us? Especially when we look the quote that he cited from Sulivan â€Å"Homosexual marriage contract will entail a greater understanding of the need f or â€Å"extramarital outlets.†Ã¢â‚¬  The information he cited is only small portion of the entire same-sex advocacy article, however, Sulivan later argued that homosexual relationship are more sustainable than heterosexual. â€Å"Precisely because there is no institutional model, gay relationships are often sustained more powerfully by genuine commitment.† (202) the reason is that they face fewer consequences if they fail and also the freedom they had gain with lack of the kids. Bennett later cited from the Former Harvard professor E.L.Pattullo that states â€Å"a very substantial number of people are born with the potential to live either straight or gay lives.† (Par 10) the source he cited is credible because the article concluded that many people later changed their view about the homosexuals because of the environments or the nature they have been that gradually lead them to accept the homosexuals. Bennett’s last assertion raises question about whet her a child should be raised by homosexuals or heterosexuals, and he later concluded that it is far better for a child to be raised by mother and father. This is logical argument. 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Although the solution to this public crises is to let them have their rights, many opposing people classify their arguments as correct or valid. However clear the answer may be, it has yet to be confirmed by all the states in America. Some major factors that lead to this conflict is whether homosexualityRead MoreKant and Gay Marriage Essays859 Words   |  4 Pagessense for any rational person to obey in similar circumstances. It is our obligation as people worthy of dignity to administer our own actions by rational maxims. Same sex marriage rights in the United States My universal maxim would be for the allowance of gay people to participate in our democratic process of marriage. This issue is very critical in today’s modern debate and could be easily argued for and against on moral, religious and ethical grounds. It should be noted that Kant’s viewsRead MoreHomosexuality in Same Love by Macklemore with Ryan Lewis and Mary Lambert1006 Words   |  5 Pagesagainst the issues of discrimination, gay rights, and marriage equality that we see in todays era. He uses two fallacies in the song, but Macklemore’s use of the three rhetorical appeals of ethos, pathos, and logos in his song â€Å"Same Love,† have a great level of success in proving the importance of gay rights and marriage equality. Right away Macklemore establishes his credibility and knowledge, ethos, by stating, When I was in the third grade I thought that I was gay, Cause I could draw, my uncle wasRead MoreFilm Critique Paper: and the Band Played on1627 Words   |  7 PagesFilm Critique Paper And the Band Played On The movie is about the first couple years of AIDS, mostly in the United States. It tells the political as well as the scientific struggle that occurred with the discovery of AIDS. 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Critical Response Final Draft Free Essays

Children should have a mind of their own when it comes to their entertainment. At an early age children are called to choose a toy from the isle of the toy store that is labeled and colored accordingly to fit the differences of their sex and not their entertainment needs. Children are not the ones to blame for the belief that every aspect of this world is categorized according to genders because this idea has been in our society for ages and there has always been a debate on this topic. We will write a custom essay sample on Critical Response Final Draft or any similar topic only for you Order Now In Christina Hoff Somers’ article â€Å"You Can Give a Boy a Doll, But You Can’t Make Him Play With It† published on the 6th of December 201 2, in the newspaper The Atlantic she seems to be a firm believer that genders are different, each sex has separate needs and tendencies but remain equal. This is the reason why she opposes to the Swedes who are aiming for uniformity through gender-free catalogues and new stereotype-free preschool called Agile. On the other hand, Peggy Orenstein in her article â€Å"Should the World of Toys Be Gender-Free? Published on the 29th of December 2011 in the newspaper The New York Times, she appears to support cross-sex toys and play activities. Orenstein believes that with cross-sex entertainment it would be easier and beneficial for the children to interact and communicate in the future, due to their shared experiences and that toys should not be separated according to sex. In response to Somers’ main argument I feel that I agree with the points the author is making. Each individual is different by nature; genders have different needs and preferences. Not allowing children to play with toys that suit their personality but rather oblige them to play with something labeled as ender-neutral that will eventually lead into equality is absurd to me because then the children will not learn to have voice of their own but rather a false idea of who they are. To begin with, one point I agree with Somers is as she states it † Men and woman can be different- but equal† (par. ). In other words the author does believe that although genders differ due to biology, as humans they remain equal. The reason agree with her is because the Swedes’ way of achieving a gender neutral environment is by ignoring the differences of the genders and trying to introduce a way of dealing with people as if they are one thing. To make it clearer, when I was young I played with boys as well with girls. We were a team, we played with dolls and with trucks and we l earned each ones needs. The boys helped us build things and as girls we learned them to take care of our baby dolls. This experience made me learn and inhabit that each gender provides something that lacks to the other. When we learn and accept each ones differences that is when we will become equal not by providing kids with a gender-neutral toy catalogue because then uniqueness will not exist. Another point agree that Somers has made is when she opposes to the new preschool Agile, which has removed gender specific items from their curriculum. In Orenstein article she states that † Every experience, every interaction, every activity-when they laugh, cry, learn, play-strengthens some neural circuits at the expense of others, and the younger the child the greater the effect† (par. 10). In other words if the children in Agile are offered an unhealthy, monitored schooling and are forced to get rid of their natural likings which benefits them while rowing up that will lead to † undermine children’s healthy development† (Somers par. 1). Finally, another point which Somers could not have expressed better my opinion on the topic kids and entertainment is † just leave him alone and let him play as he wants† (par. 16). In making this comment, the author says that the criteria on which the object of a child’s entertainment will be chosen by, will not have to do with what gender is the toy addressed to but with what the child’s entertainment needs are at that certain point. For a child to make an unbiased choice about his entertainment, demands an environment which will has raised it up knowing that although toys differ according to gender there is nothing wrong in choosing a toy of your opposite sex and not raise him up in a person who believes otherwise. In other words, † the environment in which children play and grow can encourage a range of aptitudes or foreclose them† (Orenstein par. 11). In conclusion, the reason why I am in favor of Somers is because she accepts that sexes are different but does not believe that creating uniformity will provide us with equality. Accepting each ones differences and who we are is what will provide us with equality. Children should be let alone to explore their own likings without being obliged to be something they are not. Bottom line is that the differences of each human being are what make this world interesting. A world full of same people will lead us to routine. How to cite Critical Response Final Draft, Papers

Rethinking Integrated Marketing Communication †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Rethinking Integrated Marketing Communication. Answer: Introduction Integrated Marketing methods can be defined as the strategy which organizations coordinate their efforts in communication as well as branding their products. According to Belch for communication to work, it has to rely on a variety of disciplines. He outlined the following the disciplines as follows: Direct response, general advertising, Public relations and sales promotion. After the disciplines are bent and combined consistency, clarity and impacts of maximum communication are provided or become the effective outcome (Van Riel Fombrun, 2007). According to the ancient approach to communications relating to marketing, businesses arrange detached campaigns for relations of the press, advertisements, sales promotions and direct marketing. The integrated campaigns use the same tools of communication by which they reinforce each other and improve the effectiveness of marketing. Rising of awareness of a product can which the goal is to generate sales at the end of the day can be done by an advertisement which happens to be a discipline of integrated communication. Through press releases and article featuring the same information is communicated reinforcing the purpose and message intended in the advertisement. Emails or direct emails can be used to follow up inquiries from the advertisement or the campaigns used in the press providing the prospects with more information (Lane Keller, 2001). Telemarketing is used to turn the prospects into customers where by sales are made directly or sales team appointments are made. The effecti ve ways are helpful and have advantages that come with the disciplines. The merits, in turn, help the organization to evaluate the disciplines and models that are useful in the integration of the marketing communication. Integrated Marketing Method is used by Coca- Cola so as to efficiently and effectively communicate with its specific target. The company communication process which might be the all rounded presents the dire need to get in touch with its prospects and customers through creation of links by looking for the customers wherever they are. The plan of communication, in consideration, should be taken in regards to the society, market, the product positioning and the potential.The dire need and will to get close to its customers and consumers and to be a part of their daily life and to get attached to them some kind of ritual activity should lead to provocation of using social marketing and social media via responsibility of the social. Creation of emotions and affiliation feelings towards the esteemed customers should be a priority. Coca Cola should adapt to their same message to their targeted market basing themselves on the values (Holm, 2006). The following are the merits that come with using the Integrated Marketing Communication in a company. Consistency that is creative In a campaign that is integrated, the same creative treatment is featured by the different tools. Repetition of the phrases which are key, headlines and images in every communication it ensures that the existing customers and prospects get a message that is consistent every time they view the elements of the integrated campaign. Consistency which is creative aids in the reinforcement of campaign themes that are basic by elevating the number of times the customers and prospects hear or see the repetitive message (Naik Raman, 2003). Not only is it created within the prospects image at that time but it is recurrent since it appears constantly in the mind of the prospect now and then creating a psychological bond which results to a force of attraction towards the specific product advertised. The consistency in the creative integrated campaigns gets to save money. Adapting the same copy and the same images for media which is different, one reduces the design, copy writing and photography costs. In case the Coca Cola Company is working with external suppliers in communication the fees for the agency for working with a single firm is reduced. Using of specialists agencies from outside not only does it increase the costs but also time-consuming (Duncan Moriarty, 1998). It's cost effective to use the same agency to produce images and designs for the integrated campaign as the process eliminates brokers who not only are out to make profits but may produce work which is not very attractive as compared to the single firm agencies who their intention is to offer good work at a reasonable cost and consume the little time available in order to make good relations. Preference of the customer A campaign that is integrated gives consumers information in a preferable format. Communication integration makes sure that reception of the information is done in all communications (Smith Taylor, 2004). To meet the demands of all customers then the company must be strategically aware of the customers who are busy looking for information on the website by integrating the website content and design to make sure obsolete messages are not existent. Business customers and consumers can instruct or specify the manufacturers how they would want to receive the information of the product through direct message, email, telephone or text. Talking about the possibility of how the customers give specifications of how they would want to receive a product leads the discussion to how Coca Cola besides using the above merits gets to approach the Integration Marketing Communication. Coca-Cola approach to integration campaign takes two major approaches (Thrassou Vrontis, 2009). Inside-out approach The inside out approach is one sided as it only takes the view of the organization and neglects those of the customers. The company preferences are put first and this gives customers or prospects a chance to give their thoughts on the products. Lack of thought on the customer say on the strategies of IMC makes it impossible to attract prospects and at further view makes the existing customers feel unvalued by the company. The strategy deprives the customers their right to have a word in the communication campaign of Coca Cola. The approach is an exhibit of the poor orientation of customers (Stammerjohan, et al, 2005). A company has its own notion makes the customers feel like an outcast and thus the approach is not instrumental in the IMC. The approach of IMC is out to understand the wants and needs of customers. This specific kind of approach makes sure that significant progress is established. In-depth-knowledge on the customer's preferences is made because the organization is accommodative of the customer's requirements which they are ready to fulfill. Coca-Cola creates a relationship with its customers which means it takes the views of the customers and works with them Problem is that Coca-Cola cannot satisfy every customer which brings about the impossibility of catering for all its customers leaving out others. After concentrating on the customers the company then decides on the most cost effective communication and marketing method which is cost effective thus IMC merits are attained in another way (Belch, 2004). Coca has taken up elements of IMC mix that depends on the objectives but not solely on the product and market. Coca Cola IMC mix is of three types that are of mass media. Print Media, banner advertisement, and T.V advertising. The mix of IMC should work in unison in order to deliver a persuasive and consistent message to the audience that is targeted. Advertising: The tool is very important for Coca Cola as for a very big number of consumer's world -wide which it caters for. The building of the image is achieved by advertising which makes the company a globalized company. Advertising possesses characters that make it a unique IMC tool. It is very persuasive in nature and its non-personal. The two unique characteristics help the tool cater for every bodys needs without seclusion or segregation. Through it dissemination through media the Coca Cola company advocates for it since it is a cheap way of getting the intended message to its targeted consumers. By using a slogan Coca Cola gets to be memorable among its consumers. The intended message conveyed in their slogan is also universal. Coca Cola uses POS, T.V commercials, print media, and billboards as examples of advertisement as a tool of IMC (Duncan Everett, 1993). Direct marketing enhances communication is directly made within end consumers and organizations directly. Coca-Cola takes upon itself to make direct contact with its customers through various tools under this category. Through emails and text messages Coca Cola finds easy and convenient to look for customer's views and perceptions which use the approach of outside-in approach (Duncan, T., Caywood, 1996). Direct marketing helps to create a sense of belonging which most customers want and this helps boost business and it is not different for Coca Cola who have found tremendous results using the tool. Other tools are brochures, catalogs, promotional letters and etc. Offerings that are done throughout partnership for instance hotels and restaurants also hugely assist. Social Media and Interactive marketing In this era, technology has advanced and this has led to companies changing how they market themselves. Coca Cola has made a trend where they use social media to get to their customers. The updated pages got an attractive appeal to the eye of the customers making it easy for the customers to fall in love with their products. Compared to other companies who are competitors to Coca Cola the company has out done the rest by using a strategy known as after hour which simply means that at no time are their social pages dormant when it comes to updating (Keller, 2009). The constant updating creates a bond to the customer which means that the product of the company is reviewed many times. In the social media, the company gets to interact with its customers which help the company diversify the other tools through social interacting. Its application is one that makes the company stand out leaving a space of no competition to no other. Coca Cola also uses social media in the launching of their products which also makes social media a way of advertisement. Through social media, prices are introduced creating awareness when it comes even to the brand. Coca Cola as a company has faced struggles when it comes to the IMC. Recommendations pertaining the IMC mix and strategy should be highly advisable for the company. The company should know its audience better in order to make the IMC successful. Knowing the consumer's preferences would give Coca Cola a better chance when it comes to the delivery of their services and products. The company should do a thorough research where planning follows so as to know the purchase patterns and also know the lovable of their customers. To make the companys marketing strategy a success the efforts to evaluate even the prospects should be keenly undertaken so as to make the customer trends be known. Another thing is that the company should make the entire message consistent (Finne Grnroos, 2009). Consistency brings about identity. With identity customers would like to be associated with the company since the brand is well known and has a value on it. Consistency enables accompany to have a constant reputation and its identification makes even prospects want to be associated with the company. Another recommendation is the tools of IMC should be carefully used so as to build the reputation of a company. The tools also make the company unique since the IMC tools convey a specific, message which is only reputable to a company. The IMC success depends on all of these factors and so as to integrate the marketing communication deep measures should be strictly followed to make it all a success. References Belch, G. E., Belch, M. A., Kerr, G. F., Powell, I. (2014): Advertising: An integrated marketing communication perspective. McGraw-Hill Education Schultz, D. E. (1992): Integrated marketing communications.Journal of Promotion Management,1(1), 99-104. Van Riel, C. B., Fombrun, C. J. (2007): Essentials of corporate communication: Implementing practices for effective reputation management. Routledge. Lane Keller, K. (2001): Mastering the marketing communications mix: Micro and macro perspectives on integrated marketing communication programs. Keller, K. L. (2009)L: Building strong brands in a modern marketing communications environment.Journal of marketing communications,15(2-3), 139-155 Naik, P. A., Raman, K. (2003): Understanding the impact of synergy in multimedia communications.Journal of Marketing Research,40(4), 375-388. Duncan, T., Moriarty, S. E. (1998): A communication-based marketing model for managing relationships.The Journal of Marketing, 1-13. Smith, P. R., Taylor, J. (2004): Marketing communications: an integrated approach. Kogan Page Publishers Thrassou, A., Vrontis, D. (2009): A new consumer relationship model: the marketing communications application.Journal of Promotion Management,15(4), 499-521. Stammerjohan, C., Wood, C. M., Chang, Y., Thorson, E. (2005): An empirical investigation of the interaction between publicity, advertising, and previous brand attitudes and knowledge.Journal of Advertising,34(4), 55-67. Belch, G. E., Belch, M. A. (2004).Advertising and Promotion: An Integrated Marketing Communications Perspective,(6 Th. New York: NY: McGraw-Hill. Duncan, T. R., Everett, S. E. (1993): Client perceptions of integrated marketing communications.Journal of Advertising Research,33(3), 30-40 Low, G. S. (2000): Correlates of integrated marketing communications.Journal of Advertising Research,40(3), 27-39 Holm, O. (2006): Integrated marketing communication: from tactics to strategy.Corporate Communications: An International Journal,11(1), 23-33. Duncan, T., Caywood, C. (1996): The concept, process, and evolution of integrated marketing communication.Integrated Communication: Synergy of persuasive voices, 13-34 Finne, ., Grnroos, C. (2009): Rethinking marketing communication: From integrated marketing communication to relationship communication.Journal of Marketing Communications,15(2-3), 179-195.

Nature And Death In Literature Essays - DudleyWinthrop Family

Nature And Death In Literature Nature and Death Literature delivers or expresses ideas according to the social and cultural settings of the particular time of the writers. Even though, it is designed to be in a certain time frame, the concepts overlap each other. The poems In memory of my dear grandchild by Anne Bradstreet, Upon wedlock and death of children by Edward Taylor though were written in different eras, they have a common concept death. The writers in their poems describe that death is a natural process and compare it with different aspects of nature. Anne Bradstreet (1612-1672) and Edward Taylor (1642-1729) are both early American litterateurs, and are firm believers in the Puritan experiment in America. Anne Bradstreet was the daughter of Thomas Dudley, and got married to Simon Bradstreet when she was sixteen years old. She received a better education than other young women did of her times. Due to her childhood diseases and deadly, childbirth experiences, she became very weak. She had to lead a life full of hardships in the new land. Although her distress is not hidden, faith in God is also the prominent object in her works. Edward Taylor was a son of a yeoman farmer, went to Harvard for higher education, and became a teacher for a while. He was not involved with the church and instead became a puritan minister. He wrote poems for his own pleasure and not as a part of religious service. He too believed in the puritan experiment in America. The poems chosen of these two writers are about death immediate family members. Although, both the writers have different intentions, they associate death with some aspects of nature. There is a common mechanics used in all of Anne Bradstreet's poems. She uses iambic pentameter, the most popular line length in English. In the poem In the memory of my dear grandchild she speaks in first person and handles the mechanics very well rhyming at every alternate line. The poem comprises of two verses of seven lines each. In the first verse, she expresses the distress of loosing her grand child Elizabeth. She is sorrowful, and bids farewell to her very young grand daughter. Then she says to herself that it is wrong of her to cry as her Elizabeth is in a better place that is everlasting Or sigh thy days so soon were terminate, sith thou art settled in an everlasting state. She consoles herself in the next stanza by giving examples that everything in nature has to die one day. She exemplifies by trees, apples, grass, plants, and buds. The last line of her poem, Is by His h and alone that guides nature and fate accentuates her believe in God. She gives in to God's power to make everything happen and bows down to it. Similarly Edward Taylor in his poem, Upon wedlock, and death of Children expresses his gratitude to God on his children birth and does not complain on their death. Whether thou getst them green, or lets them seed meaning that its up to the Lord to decide about a persons fate. He uses iambic pentameter as the mechanics and his thought flow in an orderly fashion, rhyming at every alternate lines. His poem consists of seven stanzas each of six lines. He is actually telling about his family tree in this poem. He symbolizes his children as flowers and describes when that flower bloomed or withered off. He first expresses about how wonderful the relationship between a married man and his wife is. Then he goes on with his children's births and deaths. He symbolizes his children and their children as different parts of nature such as, singing birds and different flowers and their odor. However, in the entire poem he never complaints to God regarding his loses. In fact he praises the Lord and thanks Him when one of his children survives. This represents his true faith in God. By reading his poem, one can easily make out about his family, that how many children and grandchildren he had. Anne Bradstreet and Edward Taylor had one thing in common that they were both puritans, and their works represent puritan philosophies, and most of all

Making Ends Meet-How Single Mothers Survive Welfare and Low Wage Work essays

Making Ends Meet-How Single Mothers Survive Welfare and Low Wage Work essays In the article "Making Ends Meet-How Single Mothers Survive Welfare and Low-Wage Work" by Christopher Jencks, both sides of the welfare for working mothers issue are addressed. From the effects of new government policies, to issues of childcare and health expenses, as well as a look into the future consequences of changes that may affect the current programs, the article looks closely at the economic hardships of single mothers in the world today (Jencks, 199. Jencks discussion begins with an explanation of why low-income statistics are generally incorrect, and his explanation makes sense to me. According to Edin and Lein (1997), the Census information collected only relates to wages earned, and does not take into account the added costs of employment, such as daycare and transportation. To me, we could improve in this area. If the Census information can be drawn for wages earned, there should be corresponding data to show the total net earnings of individuals. In this way, we could better see a representation of the poor. Jencks also discusses the inabilities of single mothers to live on their federally supplied monthly income. According to the article, families with incomes below $5,000 a year somehow also spent $1,100 a month. This is because these women also take non-reportable work and rely on family, friends and the fathers of their children to help support their family (Jencks, 1997). While many may see this as taking advantage of the system, I see it as a necessity. If the federal government is providing so little income to these mothers, they absolutely have to find other sources of income, in order to obtain necessities. In addition, I feel that this is one way that mothers consider themselves responsible for providing family Jencks also points out the flaws of a new program called "Temporary Assistance for Needy Families" (TANF) that replaces...

Humanities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Humanities - Essay Example The passage itself is situated almost directly after Anna finishes speaking to Dido and is relayed by the narrator. The passage is highly complex as multitudes of competing meanings are occurring. The narrator begins, â€Å"Across the city/ She wanders in her frenzy–even as a heedless hind hit by an arrow when a shepherd drives for game.† Here the narrator is comparing Dido to a sheep that has been struck by an arrow. This is significant as one of the major themes of the Aeneid is the force of the god’s on human existence, and by using the arrow as a element of love, Virgil is showing that Dido’s ‘frenzy’ isn’t necessarily of her own doing. Indeed, Juno has conspired to bring Aeneas and Dido together to forestall Aeneas’ journey to Italy, and has made Dido an unknowing volunteer in the ploy. However, the passage continues, â€Å"with darts among the Cretan woods and, unawares, from far leaves the winging steel inside her flesh.† In this regard, one must consider that Aeneas, rather than Juno or Cupid, is the shepherd that has wounded Dido, as Aeneas is the most ‘unaware(s)’ of the lasting effect has had on Dido. In this sense, one must consider a passage from book two when Aeneas is watching the Greek’s ravage Troy and compares himself to a shepherd, When among standing corn a spark falls with a fierce south wind to fan it, or the impetuous stream of a mountain torrent sweeps the fields, sweeps the joyous crops and the bollocks’ toil, and drives the woods headlong before, in perplexed amazement a shepherd takes in the crash from a rock’s tall summit. In this regard Aeneas is the shepherd watching the in amazement as nature takes its toll symbolically on the fields – literally Troy. The different positions – Dido as sheep and Aeneas as shepherd – are significant as it demonstrates Aeneas steadfast resistance to outside factors that might hinder his path toward Italy.

BOTNETS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

BOTNETS - Essay Example Computers have integrated deeply in our lives and it is due to this fact that the current times can be termed as the technological era. Computers have made life convenient and fast-paced. However, along with the convenience some more things have also been introduced like threat to personal information and intellectual possessions. The invention of internet has aggravated these threats and has given new means for malicious activities. Botnets is one of the newer techniques that is adapted by hackers to gain access to different systems on the network and then perform inappropriate automated tasks through them. The inception of botnets dates back to the days when the Internet Relay Chat (IRC) was very popular among the internet users. IRC is a protocol that has been developed for real time many-to-many communication. IRC consisted of channels and servers on which communication used to take place. Channels used to be operated by channel operators who were in-charge of monitoring the activities on the channels and servers. With the increase of users on IRC, conflicts also increased between the users. The users wanted to gain access to more servers which thereby created conflicts. Some of the users started developing scripts to attempt denial of service and distributed denial of service attacks on the servers to crash them. Crashing the network used to cause refresh of the server and thus assign a new user as the operator. Later, these scripts started being used to target individuals. These malicious activities began the concept of botnets. Bot is defined as malicious software that may be residing on a single computer. It is automated and runs by the command from the IRC server, it makes the computer compromised and a part of a wider network of similar infected systems. Enselmi et al. (2010) stated that this server is also called the Command and Control server and the commands are sent in Command and Control

Mobiltel Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Mobiltel Management - Case Study Example The study has picked up the business environment in the South-Eastern Europe and has selected Mobiltel as the pivot for analyzing HR management policies and practices. Mobiltel stands to be one of the largest and most reliable Mobile Phone Service providers in Bulgaria, whose origins could be traced to the year 1994. Eventually, it was in September 1995 that Mobiltel was launched commercially in Bulgaria and since then the company has managed to assure a noticeable success and sustenance, while braving the diverse economic, political and organizational crisis and situations that came its way. The suitable, relevant and ever-evolving HRM practices at Mobiltel certainly played a central role in making it a business leader that enjoys the coveted honour of being amongst the top 10 Bulgarian companies. The raw material of the study is the HR management principles and practices adopted by Mobiltel, with an eye on the circumstances under which this was done. The conclusions of the study ar e based on the information gathered through a structured questionnaire and the secondary information culled out through the company sources and independent research. There is no denying the fact that East European corporations and especially the corporations of South-East European origin do face many challenges emanating from local and global circumstances, which do press on their ability to assure sustainability and market leadership. One simply cannot touch on the issue of South-East European business environment, without alluding to the political environment in the region that certainly has a direct impact on the available human resources and their management. The creation of new countries, courtesy the breaking of the erstwhile Eastern Block, the ongoing social fragmentation on the ethnic lines, the inability of the political authorities to materialize the policy and leadership related decisions made in the early 90s has definitely curtailed the outside support and help accessible to the South-East European corporations (Daianu 2000). In such a scenario the economic and corporate reforms only benefitted those regions and corporations that we re in tandem with the ethos of the European Union. The apt management of Human Resources certainly qualifies to be a strategic concern for the more progressive regional success stories and thus deserves all the attention and concern of the academic and corporate circles. In the contemporary

Organized Crime and Transnational Corporate Crime

Organized Crime and Transnational Corporate Crime Crime is taken to mean a criminal offence and transnational organized crimes therefore refer to criminal deeds planned and implemented by a group of people emanating in 2 or more countries (Edwards Gill 2006). A different form of transnational crime is known as the transnational corporate crime which is legally attributed to a corporate entity or persons acting on its behalf. The contrast between organized crime and corporate crime is not well defined; however the two are still quite different. Transnational corporate crime majorly takes place within the context of renowned multinational organizations (Viano Bridel, 2003). Corporate lawbreaking covers quite a wide range of misbehavior, such are accounting malpractices like false statement of assets, unjust labor treatment, and production of hazardous products, misleading advertisements, environmental violations, illegal domestic political involvement and corrupt foreign deals. In the last two decades or so transnational corporations have largely expanded operations into developing world (Berdal, 2002). On the other hand transnational organized crimes involve undertaking of illicit business activities by people working in several countries, such gangs execute crimes such as drug smuggling, human trafficking, trading of illegal goods such as wildlife products and money laundering (Madsen, 2009). These groups of people tend to be so systematic in their operations, making the crime a complicated dilemma for the security and governmental policies to catch up with them. Transnational criminal rings keep becoming more and more powerful and universal, and their mobility growing each day. This is a clear indication that resources of any state are not enough to seriously harm them including the rich countries-those with supposedly good governance.( Reichel, 2004) As much as both transnational organized crime and transnational corporate crime accomplish fraud across the international boundaries, a critical view shows that corporate crime has been largely perpetuated by inefficient policies while organized crime is purely cartels based (Scherer, 2009). For instance United Nations has attempted to redefine corporate crime by coming up with codes of conduct for international business but Unites States efforts to resist this codes is an example of inconsistence of policies on the matter (United Nations, 2010). One can therefore rightfully argue that the study of organizational transgression by transnational corporate can legitimately encourage violations of international codes and other illicit actions that form a significant source of violations of the codes stated. Mafia is a term meant to describe a criminal organization; however some of these organizations are so well structured across the world to be place under the term mafia (Jones, 2004). These organizations involve themselves in criminal activities known as racketeering, in other words the work of the mob. (Mueller Edward, 2011) This is the basic functioning of the drug cartels in MÃ ©xico and therefore its a clear indication of how the fight against drugs remains a mission impromptu. For quite some time, the transnational organized crime (TOC) has been appreciated in two perspectives by people around the world. Some view organized crime in terms of large hierarchical groups with a structure close to transnational corporation while others see organized crime groups as less structured but highly flexible and adaptable (Leong, 2007). However critical perspective indicates the transnational organized criminals have an us-versus-them mentality from the fact that a small section of citizens from different countries collude to threaten welfare of legitimate citizens. Crime can be categorized into three classes namely ordinary/conventional, occupational and organizational. Conventional crimes are mostly done by the lower class and mainly involve property crimes. Occupational crimes involve people of middle class n the crimes are mainly centered in breaking laws in legitimate missions. However, organizational crime is committed by large entities in the aim of gaining financial benefits (Mishra Shanty, 2007). The latter is the class where transnational criminality falls and involves a chain of people from CEOs to supervisors; the big question now arises on how these well established criminal activities prevail while the former two classes are well catered for. Security organizations have found the diversity in the issue a big challenge especially on the structure of the two forms of transnational crimes. For instance, organized crimes could involve top officials like it happened in Peru where till today Vladimiro Montesinos, former head of Peru Nat ional Intelligence and Anti-Narcotics is still imprisoned for running a huge international drug and money laundering gang. On the other hand, transnational corporate crimes may not be directly connected to an individual but they are owned by influential persons especially from the rich countries making them just as complicated as the organized crimes for security organizations. Both transnational organized criminals and transnational corporate could execute fraudulent activities of the same magnitude. A case study on the operations and manner of execution brings out some striking contrasts that may not be well understood on a general view. For instance, money laundering has been a consistent crime for decades across Europe and seems to be on the rise rather than to diminish. Money laundering takes three sequential phases namely, placement, layering and integration- according to a report by Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. Placement is the conversion or movement of money from illegal deals to a form or place less suspicious to law enforcement authorities. Then follows layering where the money is alienated from the illegal sources through a series of complex transactions (e.g. wire transfers and monetary instruments) in the aim of breaking the audit trail. Finally the integration comes in where the illegal proceeds are made into legitimate bu siness profits by ordinary financial operations (Siegel Nelen, 2008). However not all international money laundering transactions involve all three phases, the described stages of money laundering process are just but conventional, they differ among the two forms of transnational crime; transnational organized and transnational corporate (van Duyne, 2003). Transnational corporate may require fewer steps in money laundering as compared to transnational organized criminals; this is because of their legal existence (Mahncke, Thompson, 2004). A transnational Corporate may not require placement step since they already handle some sums of money during their transactions and any illegal proceeds may not be easily identified from the legal financial assets. Many people may feel that organized criminals such as terrorist and drug cartel are the most dangerous but critically, transnational corporate crime posses more danger since their size and legality comfortably hides lots of information (Rush Ryan, 1997). Transnational crime is evidently a social and legal challenge worth of attention; many have tried to document it in the aim of dismissing it as a journalistic sensationalism (Andreas Friman, 1999). It is however not clear who is most affected by this forms of criminality; is it the poor countries who have less established legal systems or the rich nations where most transnational corporate seem to be based? The answer lies on either, the form of criminal activity in question or the form of transnational crime. Transnational corporate crime affects any country where a branch of the corporate exists whereas the effects of transnational organized crime are highly felt in countries with rich market and opportunities of their line of operation (Athanassopoulou, 2005). For instance, international drug cartels aim countries such as the USA and UK where they have a broad ready market for their product. The above contrast on transnational organized crimes and transnational corporate crimes i ndicates that transnational corporate crimes are in a way an advancement of the transnational organized crimes.

Cottam Summary Report :: Archaeology Essays

Cottam Summary Report During 1993 an archaeological evaluation was conducted at the Anglian site at Cottam, North Humberside, under the auspices of the York Environs Project, Department of Archaeology, York University. Fieldwalking was carried out in January and February, and Dr J.D.Richards and B.E.Vyner directed limited excavations during July and August. The purpose of this note is to provide an interim summary, in advance of the main publication which will appear in the Yorkshire Archaeological Journal in due course. The site lies on arable land high on the Yorkshire Wolds some 10 miles from the coast, in the parish of Cottam (NGR 49754667). It was discovered in 1987 by metal detector enthusiasts and has subsequently been intensively worked, yielding a rich collection of predominantly Middle Saxon metalwork. The metalwork finds have been systematically plotted, and published in the Yorkshire Archaeological Journal (Haldenby 1990, 1992 and forthcoming), although the location of the site has hitherto been withheld as a contribution to its protection. To date the published finds include some 30 simple pins, 26 strap-ends, 8 lead spindle whorls, 40 iron knife blades, 14 ninth-century stycas, plus a Jellinge-style brooch and a Norse bell. Two main concentrations of metal finds have become apparent, and these can be seen to be roughly coterminous with two concentrations of crop marks. The date range of the artefacts suggests that the site was in use for much of the 8th and 9th centuries AD. During Apri l 1989 fieldwalking was undertaken for Humberside Archaeological Unit by Peter Didsbury and members of the East Riding Archaeological Society (Didsbury 1990), leading to the recovery of animal bone, prehistoric flints and Roman and medieval pottery, as well as Anglian pottery. The site at Cottam provides an opportunity to fill some of the gaps in our knowledge of activity in York's hinterland during the 8th and 9th centuries. From the surface finds it is apparent that it belongs to a new category of site in Humberside and Yorkshire producing rich Middle Saxon and Viking Age metalwork, which has not so far been excavated. The aim of the evaluation, therefore, was firstly, to establish the extent and survival of archaeological deposits; secondly, to identify the sequence of 8th and 9th- century activity; thirdly, to establish the relationship of the metalwork and the crop-marks; and lastly, to determine the nature of the 8th and 9th- century activity. Fieldwalking confirmed the picture derived from the distribution of metal- detector finds of two concentrations of post-Roman activity, suggesting there was an Anglian nucleus towards the centre of the field, and a subsequent shift to the north-east during the Viking Age.

Organisational behaviour of ‘Breadtalk’ Essay

Question 1: What is Corporate Social Responsibility and how could this influence the organisational behaviour of ‘Breadtalk’? Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is where corporations or organisations are obliged to inter-relate their businesses with behaving in ethical and moral ways. It is where such corporations have notions towards having responsibility to the society that upholds them. Examples of ethical and moral ways varies from giving back to needy groups in terms of monetary funding and healthcare, to integrating CSR strategies directly into the business tactic of an organisation. By means of integrating is having â€Å"employee-friendly human resource policy where safety in workplace, social security benefit, flexible office hour, recreation and other benefits are included† (cited in The Financial Express, 2010). ‘Breadtalk’, well-known for its commitment in providing the best for its customers in different countries, have given back to the society and providing internal support throughout its company. ‘Breadtalk’ continuously provides on-the-job training and supervision for its employees, awarding opportunities for head departments to hold higher positions abroad; such as overseeing business processes. Having close human relations have forged strong ties into branching out its brand even more till ‘Breadtalk’ now operates across 17 countries and all of which are carefully chosen locations. Overseas operations are guarded by key players who are chosen with good qualifications and competent ones that work well with other key players in the company. In commemorating its 10th birthday, ‘Breadtalk’ donated $50,000 to needy school children of The Straits Times School Pocket Money Fund in Singapore from 5 cents from the sale of each Floss bun. Organisational behaviour is the study of understanding the behaviour of individuals and to see them so that organisations can relate to such behaviours that come in a variety and find solutions for them. For ‘Breadtalk’, there are many positive reviews about the company and none is seen to lead to any pitfall that might occur. On the other hand, having an uncertain future does not mean that constant learning is stopped; upgrading oneself is key for future success. Organisational behaviour for ‘Breadtalk’ have moved from traditional to re-engineered values of which have cause a more globalised mindset for the company, changing nature of work due to upgrading technology, improved knowledge management, understanding different cultures, improving employee-employer relations, having work-life balance, and all these due to an ethical managerial behaviour called Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The efforts to find solutions for a good Organisational Behaviour have allowed proper group dynamics and a sense of motivation within the company, a few examples of such solutions, which have been evaluated from CSR. (412 words) Questions 2: Why is an understanding of cultural differences important to the Business Managers at ‘Breadtalk’? To assist the Managers of ‘Breadtalk’ to decide if they should expand to Australia, briefly describe the Australian culture? Understanding cultural differences can help avoid acts of ethnocentrism, being aware of a country’s elements of culture – language, religion, values and attributes, customs and manners, material goods, aesthetics, education; complying to cultural dimensions – power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism, masculinity; and preserving social structure. Understanding the elements of culture can avoid ethnocentrism. These elements help the understanding of cultural differences by relating to the country’s way of life. Cultural dimensions help the understanding of how people from various cultures behave and its uniqueness. In business, managers must understand the culture of other countries and l earn to accept them. In this process, managers have to fight against ethnocentrism and understand the social structure of the host countries. The Aussie culture is a fast-paced, self-absorbed society, typical in the urbanized world. The influences of aborigines’ culture give the outlook of Australia as casual and friendly. It’s a fair country allowing its people to make their own decisions at a young age. Both men and women gain equal rights in education and work. At young ages of 18 can one enter into a full-time profession of their choice. Retirement has no obligatory age. In terms of time and punctuality for business engagements, Aussies are deemed acceptable. In business, it’s generally â€Å"expected that production and service deadlines will be met whilst long delays are considered unacceptable† (cited in Australia Society and Culture Complete Report, 2010). Social engagements are equally important to be on time. The pros of expansion will be tapping on a wider consumer experience, increasing benefits in many areas, increased popularity, increased chances of joint-ventures and opportunities. The cons of expansion will be on-going competition if unresolved at lower stages of expansion, increased capital costs, reduced performance from foreign agents, conflicts of interests and objectives. Thoughts of expansion can be pondered on. From an interview with ‘BreadTalk’s’ management personnel, the brand would not branch abroad to a country unqualified in meeting the standards and demands required. Looking at the consumer size, it is rewarding if outlets branch into Australia. Although, looking at the needs and demands of the Australian community for food sources, specifically bread, competition is highly foreseeable. ‘Breadtalk’ having its many successes as of now is seen sufficient for the company. Its culture of branching out in Asia is seen a lot. Many hope to see the company’s success diverts into that direction. If it is for the best of ‘Breadtalk’, expansion into Australia can be a future food for thought. (410 words) (Total: 822 words) References Tan, Mindy. (2011) Active in talent management : BreadTalk Group CFO Catherine Lee tells MINDY TAN why CFOs are most suited to take on this important task. The Business Times, (accessed May 10, 2012) http://www.proquest.com.libproxy.nlb.gov.sg/ Bayoud, N., M. Kavanagh, and G. Slaughter. (2012) Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure and Employee Commitment: Evidence from Libya. International Journal of Economics and Finance 4, no. 5, (accessed May 10, 2012) http://www.proquest.com.libproxy.nlb.gov.sg/ Tan, Benjamin. (2012) Deft dough-maker. The Business Times, (accessed May 10, 2012) http://www.proquest.com.libproxy.nlb.gov.sg/ BreadTalk Group Limited â€Å"Our Company†. http://www.breadtalk.com/business-overview.html Peck Ming, Chuang. (2012) PM has straightforward message for companies and workers :Firms must think long-term, workers must upgrade skills. The Business Times, (accessed May 10, 2012) http://www.proquest.com.libproxy.nlb.gov.sg/ Express, The Financial. (2010) CSR soars, benefits all. 2012. The Financial Express, (accessed May 10, 2012) http://www.proquest.com.libproxy.nlb.gov.sg/ Wei Sheng, Lim. (2012) How important is ethics in business strategy? The Business Times, (accessed May 10, 2012) http://www.proquest.com.libproxy.nlb.gov.sg/ McGraw, P., and S. Dabski. (2010) CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY REPORTING IN AUSTRALIA’S LARGEST COMPANIES. Labour & Industry 21, no. 1: 390-409, (accessed May 10, 2012) http://www.proquest.com.libproxy.nlb.gov.sg/ Nair, Suja R. (2010) Organisational Behaviour. Mumbai: Global Media Express, The Financial. (2012) Nestle’s own style of CSR. The Financial Express, (accessed May 10, 2012) http://www.proquest.com.libproxy.nlb.gov.sg/ Ngee Ann Polytechnic. (2011) Cultural Awareness. International Business: Chapter 4-6. Singapore: Ngee Ann Polytechnic Press, World Trade. (2010) Australia Society and Culture Complete Report. California: World Trade Press Sharmayne Saunders. (2012) Corporate Social Responsibility: A Helping Hand for a Better Belize. International Journal of Business and Social Science 3, no. 9: 174-175, (accessed May 10, 2012) http://www.proquest.com.libproxy.nlb.gov.sg/ Wright, N., and H. Be nnett. (2011) Business ethics, CSR, sustainability and the MBA. Journal of Management and Organization 17, no. 5: 641-655, (accessed May 10, 2012) http://www.proquest.com.libproxy.nlb.gov.sg/

Free Essays on The Death Penalty †True Cause For Justice

The death penalty, as administered by states based on their individual laws, is considered capital punishment, the purpose of which is to penalize criminals convicted of murder or other heinous crimes (Fabian). The death penalty issue has been the focus of much controversy in recent years, even though capital punishment has been a part of our country’s history since the beginning. Crimes in colonial times, such as murder and theft of livestock were dealt with swiftly and decisively (â€Å"The Death Penalty†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). Criminals were hanged shortly after their trial, in public executions. This practice was then considered just punishment for those crimes. Recently though, the focus of the death penalty debate has been on moral and legal issues. The murderers of today’s society can be assured of a much longer life even after conviction, with the constraints of the appeals process slowing the implementation of their death sentence. In most cases, the appeal proc ess lasts several years, during which time criminals enjoy comfortable lives. They have television, gym facilities, and the leisure time to attend free college-level classes that most American citizens must struggle to afford. Foremost, these murderers have the luxury of time, something their victims ran out of the moment their paths crossed. It is time this country realized the only true justice for these criminals is in the form of the death penalty. The death penalty should be administered for particularly heinous crimes. Opponents of capital punishment are outspoken and vehement in their arguments. They believe the death penalty does not does not deter crime. They also hold the opinion that ending the life of a murderer is cruel and unusual punishment, prohibited in their literal interpretation of the 8th Amendment of the United States Constitution (Bedau). Conversely, one of the main arguments for the death penalty is that it does deter crime. U. S. Depar... Free Essays on The Death Penalty – True Cause For Justice Free Essays on The Death Penalty – True Cause For Justice The death penalty, as administered by states based on their individual laws, is considered capital punishment, the purpose of which is to penalize criminals convicted of murder or other heinous crimes (Fabian). The death penalty issue has been the focus of much controversy in recent years, even though capital punishment has been a part of our country’s history since the beginning. Crimes in colonial times, such as murder and theft of livestock were dealt with swiftly and decisively (â€Å"The Death Penalty†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). Criminals were hanged shortly after their trial, in public executions. This practice was then considered just punishment for those crimes. Recently though, the focus of the death penalty debate has been on moral and legal issues. The murderers of today’s society can be assured of a much longer life even after conviction, with the constraints of the appeals process slowing the implementation of their death sentence. In most cases, the appeal proc ess lasts several years, during which time criminals enjoy comfortable lives. They have television, gym facilities, and the leisure time to attend free college-level classes that most American citizens must struggle to afford. Foremost, these murderers have the luxury of time, something their victims ran out of the moment their paths crossed. It is time this country realized the only true justice for these criminals is in the form of the death penalty. The death penalty should be administered for particularly heinous crimes. Opponents of capital punishment are outspoken and vehement in their arguments. They believe the death penalty does not does not deter crime. They also hold the opinion that ending the life of a murderer is cruel and unusual punishment, prohibited in their literal interpretation of the 8th Amendment of the United States Constitution (Bedau). Conversely, one of the main arguments for the death penalty is that it does deter crime. U. S. Depar...

The significance of Martin Luther and the protestant reformation in history of western civilization

The significance of Martin Luther and the protestant reformation in history of western civilization Introduction Martin Luther is one of the greatest men known in history for the many developments he made. Among these developments is the protestant reformation (Bainton 44). In this reformation, Martin Luther strongly opposed the notion that people could free themselves from sin by exchanging God’s punishment with money.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The significance of Martin Luther and the protestant reformation in history of western civilization specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In his attempts to reform the protestant church, Luther wrote several letters to the leaders of the church such as Bishops and the clergy. Nevertheless, after the struggle that proved difficult at times, Martin Luther succeeded in the protestant reformation. This paper therefore seeks to explore the major significance of Martin Luther and the protestant reformation in the history of western civilization. This will be effectively a chieved by addressing the questions that follow. What was the basic chronology of Luther’s breaking with the roman church? Martin Luther protested on October 31, 1517, reacting to several debates, which he thought were of great significance (Mackinnon 204). He thus sparked a lot of debate from different interest groups and people, particularly with respect to the so-called doctrines. Although his reaction or revolt was not against the church itself, it can clearly be depicted that it was mainly geared towards the general reform in the Church. Nevertheless, by 1519 he openly reacted to those doctrines he had earlier on regarded as implicit and even denied the mandate of the church in certain religious issues. In 1520, the pope excommunicated him at the time. He defied these religious leaders and particularly rallied against the papacy and the Eucharist. Why did he do so and what societal factors facilitated the acceptance of his message? From the proceedings of the events, it is depicted that the significant social factors, which facilitated the acceptance of Martin Luther’s ideas were mainly two-fold. The first one is that there were already some elements of dissatisfaction or resentments coming mainly from the city governments regarding the various clerical privileges and immunities given. They, for instance, were exempted from tax and even undertaking some civil responsibilities. An example of the latter is their exemption from defending the city despite the fact that religious orders held a big proportion of urban property. These people were therefore keen to eliminate the aforementioned privileges and take the general civil responsibility like everybody else. In addition, they were also reacting to the poor quality of sermon at the time. Consequently, they established preacherships where men with some good level of education were considered, and where such men were given the mandate of delivering or reading the sermons. This really attracted the protestant style of worship that emphasized more on sermons, and formed the main part of the service as opposed to Catholic orientation of Eucharist.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More What were the key principles of his critique of Catholicism and what were the principle writings by which he spread his message? His major critique was directed at the Papacy. According to Luther, the whole idea of Papacy was just but a beautiful false front, and a misleadingly holiness under which most of the evil was hidden. He therefore called for an urgent reform in the Church. Luther advocated that the papacy be converted to simplicity as well as humble fashion of the former days of St. Peter, and called for reconsideration in the way the finance was managed. He actually demanded that all finances and estate property be taken care of by the national churches instead of the pope. He also de manded for the complete eradication of clerical celibacy, which the Germans had rejected earlier on. With respect to the Eucharist, Martin Luther was particularly concerned about the nature of the sacramental doctrine in the Church. He particularly objected the idea of the many sacraments, which the church adopted at the time. The Church acknowledged seven sacraments while Luther advocated for those that were mainly comprised of baptism and the Lords Supper under the Authority of Jesus Christ. According to Luther, the catholic Mass was not a true reflection of the Lord’s Supper. Further, he argued that the whole idea of Eurcharist was not a repetition of the sacrifice of Christ. He believed that wine and bread should only be given to the laity and the clergy. Again, the view commonly held by the Church doctrine, was that during celebration of the Eucharist, bread and wine are changed to the body and blood of Christ respectively, and that only the physical appearances of the b read and wine remained (Mackinnon 204). According to Luther, this was based on the principal of Aristotle, with whom he actually differed. He suggested for a more real doctrine that of the actual presence that followed the consecration of the body and blood of Christ in their corresponding form of the bread and wine. He argued that the priest never caused any miracle, but instead Jesus Christ was omnipresent and that he opens the eyes of every believer to ChristAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on The significance of Martin Luther and the protestant reformation in history of western civilization specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In respect to the Christian Freedom, he advocated for freedom from all priest crafts, with the priest being the only one responsible for carrying out what he had been called upon to perform in a specific office. Luther mainly employed the use of Hymns, Psalmist and his catechism to propagate his teachings or ideas. These writings entailed mainly basic religious knowledge. A case in print is Hymn‘s Almighty Fortress is our God which was generally easy to remember and evoked strong human feelings. This was particularly important, as it was able to have a significant imprint of Martin Luther’s central or key points in his doctrines. His catechism contained brief sermons on the main articles of faith and presented succinct explanation of doctrines in form of questions and answers. What is the most effective means used by the Roman Catholic Church to the protestant challenge and why. From my own point of view, I could say that one of the most effective and appropriate means the Catholic Church used in reaction to the various challenges was the Protestant formation of ecumenical council. This is because it significantly helped in fostering unity and accommodation from the opposing religions. That way, the two religions were no longer in conflict, but united in most o f their doctrines and culture. The legacy of the reformation and Counter Reformation The main legacy out of all these is linked to a series of religious wars that eventually resulted in a long civil strife, which had a negative impact on the German economy thus leading to the death of several Germans (Bainton 45). As a result, this meant that the religious believes in Europe had been outweighed by the political and national convictions. Bainton, Roland. Here I Stand: a Life of Martin Luther. New York: Penguin, 1995. Print. Mackinnon, James. Luther and the Reformation. New York: Russell Russell, 1962. Print.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More

Infection Control Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Infection Control - Research Paper Example The essay will explore some of the infections, their related causes and how as a medical facility can arrive at prevention of the infection. Infection control has been a topic in discussion for many years. It has been identified that infants and patients under surgical procedures suffers the highest risk of infection hence making surgical wound infection the second largest category of hospital-related infections. For example, Craven et al. found out that in most of Surgical Intensive Care Units (SICU), urinary tract infection, bacteremias and wound infections were major infections around patients. This is due to the antibiotics therapies given to patients, endotrachea tubes, arterial lines, central venous lines, and catheters they are attached to while still in SICU. Many experiments have been conducted to establish causes and magnitude of infections in hospital related infections. The studies have estimated that a quarter of the hospital-acquired infections involve ICU patients and about three quarters are related to microorganisms resistant to antibiotics. Depending on the type of infection, their frequencies, which are directly related to the effects it has on patients, differ. This difference is highly associated with mortality rate, cost of treatment and danger posed on the practitioners and the patients. Burke (2003) found that, urinary tract infections have the highest frequency of occurrence, lowest mortality rate, and lowest cost. This is followed by surgical sites infections in frequencies but third in cost, and finally pneumonia and bloodstream infections take the lowest frequency with the highest cost and mortality rate. However, frequencies and the magnitude of effect on mortality and cost keep on changing with time. For example, different studies have proved that urinary tract and surgical- site infections have been on decline. This could be due to increased surveillance and reduced stay in hospitals for the patients. Such studies gives a reason as to why the topic on infection control should be looked at more seriously if the world is to acquire minimum hospital-acquired infections. According to Burke (2003), infection control is a significant part of ensuring patient safety. This is because it ensures surveillance in the programs that are directly linked with the infections. The type of surveillance involved has been known to help medical practitioners as well as the patients to be aware of some of the dangers around them. This is attainable when policies on best practice in the medical field are changed to meet the demands of each exposure to infections. For example, policies like patient isolation to prevent nosocomial transmission need to be put in place if a minimum level of hospital related infections would be arrived at. Educating and protecting nurses, preventing transmissions of blood borne disease-causing organisms, ensuring the highest level of hand hygiene and providing practitioners with protective equipments also serves as part of the protective practices. It is important to look at th e environment around which the patients receive treatment; they should be free from any infections through regular disinfection of patient care items. Empirical Review Among the infections that have been widely discovered, bloodstream infections (BSI), urinary tract infections (UTI), surgical wound infection (SWI), nosocomial pneumonia, nosocomial bacteremia and surgical sites infection (SSI) take the lead in the order mentioned. They all occur in different frequencies and symptoms though there are some that occur without observable symptoms. For

Main Development in American Literature, Art, and Culture Essay

Main Development in American Literature, Art, and Culture - Essay Example As the report declares over the period 1820 to 1860 there was strong advocacy for abolition of slavery in America. The print media was a strong tool used to highlight the evils of slavery among abolition activists. However, it was never going to be an easy task to convince most white Americans that slavery was wrong and immoral because it was so much engraved in the history of the country. There was key debate to ratify constitution to put an end to slavery. The abolitionist movement was boosted second great religious revival that swept across America. Other issues debated around this time involved equality, morality of slavery, welfare of slaves and the agrarian way of life perpetuated by slave trade. The period often referred to as antebellum era was also marked by condemnation and victimization of slave abolition activists like Garrison of the Liberator newsletter both from the south and north of America.From this paper it is clear that  the war of 1812 coincided with the remova l of Indians in the areas of Georgia and Alabama. But even before their removal could be complete, mass movements of immigrants started moving to the west mainly due to availability of cheap land and easy credit. First to arrive in the west included drifters and squatters.  Mass settlement in the west continued and by 1820 population in western states of Illinois, Ohio and Indiana had soured.  The westward flow was slowed down by financial panic in 1819.... The period often referred to as antebellum era was also marked by condemnation and victimization of slave abolition activists like Garrison of the Liberator newsletter both from the south and north of America. Outline significant developments in American westward expansion from the war of 1812 to the Mexican-American war. The war of 1812 coincided with the removal of Indians in the areas of Georgia and Alabama. But even before their removal could be complete, mass movements of immigrants started moving to the west mainly due to availability of cheap land and easy credit. First to arrive in the west included drifters and squatters. Mass settlement in the west continued and by 1820 population in western states of Illinois, Ohio and Indiana had soured. However, the westward flow was slowed down by financial panic in 1819. Road construction and the Erie Canal in 1825 shifted the direction of migration with Detroit, Cleveland and Chicago becoming major ports. The same expansion was also b eing witnessed in the southern gulf plains fuelled by excellent climate for cotton and availability of slavery (Billington and Ridge, 41-42). By 1824, Americans and Mexican used to live together in Texas. By 1836, some Texans wanted to be on their own and free from Mexico and wanted to make their own laws. As a result, the Republic of Texas was formed. However, General Santa Anna, the leader of Mexico did not want Texas to be independent and free resulting in massive killing in Alamo in San Antonio. This sparked retaliation from America with Mexico being overpowered and Texas become part of America (Raabe, 6). In your understanding of Francis Frederic’s life experience, what were the most revealing episodes and

Ocean biology 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ocean biology 1 - Essay Example The aim of his theory was to discuss the concept openly. Therefore, Wegener did not present the theory as a proven fact. There are some objects, which can float in saltwater but not in fresh water. Whether an object will sink or float, entirely depends on the relative density of the fluid itself. In universe, everything is made of molecules. Density can be described through the concept of molecules. There are some objects that are packed densely and some other objects are packed loosely. This concept is called density. Now the objects that are made of tightly packed molecules will sink in low density liquid. The opposite will happen for the objects, which are made up of loosely packed molecules. I have done an experiment in my home with an egg. I have observed that egg placed in the fresh water sink immediately but it floated in saltwater. I have done another experiment with metallic spoon. In this experiment, also spoon floated in the salt water but sank in tap water. The next experiment was on metallic pen. The result of this experiment also gave the same result. Metallic pen floated in salt water but sink in the fresh water. Throughout the world, water and wind, usually erode about 20 billion tones of rock debris and dirt from the continents and deposit into the seafloor. In average, there is 1300 feet of sediment in beneath the sea. Many processes accelerate this continuous adding of salt and other chemicals into the seas and oceans. Most common chemicals are sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) which are dissolved in the water easily. These chemicals are the basic constituents of salt that is sodium chloride. According to research, ocean restrains around 1370 million cubic kilometers of water and around 14700 trillion tons of sodium. Every year around 457 million tones of sodium dump into the ocean through river transportation, land surface erosion etc. Sometimes in some specific area Volcanic dust also dumps some amount of sodium into the water. Erosion of

UK Car Scrappage Scheme Essay Example for Free

UK Car Scrappage Scheme Essay Under the UK scrappage scheme, a 2000 incentive is paid to motorists who scrap cars registered before the 31st august 1999 to buy a new car. half of the money is paid by the government and half by the car industry. The scheme will run from mid may 2009 to march 2010, depending on its fixed government budget of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½300 million runs out sooner. The government have announced earlier this year its car and van scrappage scheme. The motorists who will scrap their 10-year-old cars will get a à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2000 (or more) incentive toward buying a new car. The government will pay à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1000 pounds and participating manufacturers will contribute à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1000 pounds or more if they choose to do so (Rutherford, 2009). The new car scrappage scheme has big impacts. Not only on the new car industry or on financial status of buyers, but it has impact on several other industries in the UK. This essay will firstly display and show the effects of the governments new scrappage scheme on the market for new cars, supported by diagrams and some details. Then the essay will show the impact of the new scheme on the second hand car market, the car repair market and the scrap metal market. The essay also will show if this policy will have a beneficial or detrimental effect on the environment. Then will illustrate the advantages and disadvantages of the UK car scrappage scheme and concluding whether if it is a good policy or otherwise. The market for new cars: Looking at the economic theories, we can see that when there is a change in price there will be change and demand and therefore change in supply, In other words, when price increases the quantity demanded will decrease. And when price decreases the quantity demanded will increase. But the movement will be along the demand curve not movement of the curve itself. Here we have a contribution of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2000 pounds, which will mean that eligible customers will get a à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2000 discount on the value of a new car. According to demand theory, if the price drops, the quantity demanded will rise. Therefore, as prices of new cars dropped by à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 2000 the demand on new cars market will increase. The diagram below shows how the demand on the market of new cars will react after having the à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2000 pounds scrap scheme: From the diagram we can see that the quantity demanded was 10000 unit (or cars) when the price of a car is à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 10000 pounds. After the government scrap scheme, the price has decreased to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 8000 pounds and the quantity demanded has increased to 13000 unit (or car). The market for second hand cars: Second hand cars are substitutes to new cars, and according to the theory of demand and supply. If there is a change in any factor other than price, that will cause a change in demand and also a shift of the curve because second hand cars are substitutes to new cars. Having said that, the government is offering à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2000 pounds scrap money toward buying a new car. The demand on the market of second hand car will fall, causing a drop in prices of used cars. The diagram below will show the effect of the governments scarp scheme on second hand car market: The demand curve which represents the demand on second hand cars has shifted to the left because after the government has introduced the new scheme, many people started to buy new cars, and because new cars are substitutes of second hand cars the curve of demand on the second hand cars has shifted to the left causing a lower demand and lower quantity demanded. The effect of the governments cars scrap scheme on the car repair market: Although that the governments new scrappage scheme has helped many people to buy cheaper new cars, and also has helped many industries to gain high profits and to be a lot more active after the rescission. The government scheme has motivated more people to scrap their old car which are often break down and often needed repair. The repair market has been hit. Because fewer people come to repair their old cars and instead they just scrap them and get a à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 2000 pounds toward their next new car. But on the other hand, in next few years repair market will gain it power again as more cars will be aging. But for now, new cars will most likely be repaired by the dealers. The diagram below shows the effect of the government scrappage scheme on the cars repair market: The effect of the governments scheme on the scrap metal market: The governments car scrappage scheme will have a big effect on the market of scrap metal. The government have set à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 300 million pounds for about 300,000 scrap order in the period between May 2009 and March 2010. And as far as 28th September 2009 there were 227,750 orders have been placed already according to the BBC (2009). So in a period of 4 months there were almost 230,000 cars to scrap, which will mean there is a lot of scrapped metal which will hopefully lead to push the scrapped metal prices down in the local or the national market. However, it maybe increases the scrap metal exports to other countries such as china. The graph below show (A) national market how it might be affected. and (B) the exports to other countries. P National market (A) P Exports to other countries. (B) Consider whether the policy is likely to have a beneficial or detrimental effect on the environment: As its been claimed that up to 85% from the cars scrap is recyclable, this is good. Being able to Recycling 85% of the old car is better for the environment than building a new one without using any recycled materials. Also, the government is encouraging people to buy new cars which produce fewer emissions and consume less fuel. According to guardian.co.uk (2009) The governments car scrappage scheme has had a surprisingly positive environmental effect. Motorists buying new cars through the scheme, which was introduced at this years budget, are opting for greener and smaller models than the average new car buyer, industry figures reveal. And they add Scrappage buyers were also three times more likely than average to buy the smallest class of car minis such as the Smart Fortwo and a third more cars bought through the scheme were larger super-minis such as the Hyundai i10. New cars bought through the scheme had average CO2 emissions of 131.1g/km CO2, 27.4% below the average CO2 (181.9g/km CO2) of the scrapped cars. (Guardian, 2009). Outline the advantages and disadvantages of the scheme and consider whether, on balance, the UK car scrappage scheme is a good policy: There are some advantages in the new cars scrappage scheme. However, the governments new scheme has few disadvantages too. But I will concentrate the attention more on the Benefits of this project. For instance, the government announced that between May 2009 and March 2010 they will help 300,000 people to scrap their old cars and get a à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 2000 cheaper new car. That means more people will have better and more modern cars. Also recently the government have declare that they will invest an extra à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 100 million pounds which will hopefully help another 100,000 car to get scrapped and their owners get a à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 2000 toward a new car which will make a total of 400,000 cars being scrapped and à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 400 million being spent by the government and 400,000 new cars in the streets. (direct.gov.uk, 2009) And if 400,000 new car extra being sold means that the policy helped British (and European) manufacturers to sell more cars and gain more profit after the crisis. Also means that they will secure more repair jobs for those people who bought new cars in the upcoming months and years. And one of the big advantages is that by replacing 400,000 old cars by new cars we reduce the gas emissions, which are the main cause of the global warming. To sum up, in my opinion, the governments car scrappage scheme has been a successful project and it helped many people to replace their old cars with new better once. Also it helps many industries and car dealers to go out of rescission. Even though that some other firms have suffered from it, I would say that it is a vital project, good for car buyers, car dealers and other attached firms and of course first of all, it is good for the environment. BIBLIOGRAPHY: * BBC, 2009,Scrappage scheme to be extended,[online]updated 28th September 2009, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/8278679.stm * Direct.Gov, 2009. The vehicle discount scheme- money off your new vehicle[online] available at 11th November 2009, http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Motoring/BuyingAndSellingAVehicle/AdviceOnBuyingAndSellingAVehicle/DG_177693 * Rutherford, M. ,The telegraph, 2009, Scrappage scheme explained,[online] updated 15th May 2009, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/motoring/news/5330112/Scrappage-scheme-explained.html * Vaughan A,2009 Car scrappage scheme sparks switch to greener vehicles, The guardian [ internet] 22nd October 2009, http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/oct/22/scrappage-scheme-green-cars [accessed 09/11/2009]

Patients With Post Stroke Dysphagia Health And Social Care Essay

Patients With Post Stroke Dysphagia Health And Social Care Essay This chapter deals with discussion, summary and conclusions drawn. It clarifies the limitations of the study, the implications and recommendations given for different areas in Nursing practice, Education, administration and research. DISCUSSION The present study was designed to assess the effectiveness of Selected Nursing Interventions among patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia at KMCH, Coimbatore-14. The researcher carried out the study among 30 patients and adopted pre-experimental research design with single group pre test post test design. The researcher used non probability purposive sampling technique to select the 30 subjects. The researcher conducted this study to assess the effectiveness of Shaker Exercise and Hyoid Lift Maneuver on Swallowing and Feeding Performance among patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia. DEMOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION OF SUBJECTS The demographic variables included in the study were Age, Sex, Education and Habits. The mean Age of the subjects was 60. Half of the subjects were in the Age group 50-70 years. Almost equal numbers of subjects were in the 30-50 and above 70 years Age groups and it was about 23 and 27 percent respectively. Regarding the Sex, nearly equal numbers of subjects were in the male and female Sex group and it showed 53 and 47 percent respectively. On the basis of their Educational Status, 67 percent of the subjects were studied up to secondary Education. About 33.33 percent of the subjects completed any one of the graduate degree course. In accordance with their Personal Habits, 53.33 percent had no bad Habits like Smoking and Alcoholism. Ten percent of subjects had the habit of Tobacco use. Seven percent of subjects were consuming Alcohol. Thirty percent of the subjects had the habit of both Tobacco and Alcohol consumption. CLINICAL DESCRIPTION OF SUBJECTS The clinical variables include Type of Stroke and Co-morbid Illness. In consistent with the Type of Stroke, 10 percent of the subjects had Stroke due to the problem in anterior circulation, 40 percent of the subjects had Stroke due to problem in middle circulation and 50 percent of the subjects had Stroke due to problem in the posterior circulation. With reference to the Co-morbid Illness, 13.33 percent of the subjects had No Co-morbid Illness. About 10 and 40 percent of the subjects had the complaints of Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension respectively. Remaining 36.67 percent of the subjects had both Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus. The major findings of the study were discussed according to the objectives: The first objective was to assess the Swallowing and Feeding Performance of patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia. In the pre test assessment of the Swallowing Performance using GUSS Score indicates 23.33% of the subjects had Mild Dysphagia, 40% of the subjects had Moderate Dysphagia and 36.67% of the subjects had Severe Dysphagia. The post-test assessment of Swallowing Performance explains that 16.67% of the subjects were improved to the No Dysphagia stage with good Swallowing and Feeding Performance. About 26.67% of the subjects had Mild Dysphagia and 23.33% of the subjects had Moderate Dysphagia. Remaining 33.33% of the subjects had severe Dysphagia with various improvements in the Swallowing Performance. The pre test and post test Feeding Performance Score using FOIS describes equal number of subjects in the Tube Dependent (36.67%) and Total Oral Intake category (63.33%). Despite the result revealed an equal number of subjects in the pre and post test assessment, the subjects had an improvement in the Feeding Performance during the post test assessment from no oral intake level to tube supplement with consistent oral intake level in the Tube Dependent category. Likewise, subjects showed an improvement from the intake of single consistency to the total intake with no restriction in the Total Oral Intake category. The present study was supported by Trapl et al., who conducted study in 2002 and described that out of 30 patients, 30 to 50% had Severe Dysphagia and showed significantly higher risk of aspiration with liquids compared with semisolid textures (p=0.001). Therefore they confirmed the subsequent sequence of GUSS. The second objective was to determine the effectiveness of Selected Nursing Interventions on Swallowing and Feeding Performance in patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia. With reference to the Swallowing Performance based on the GUSS Score, the mean pre-test SwallowingS among subjects was 12.50 and the mean post-test Swallowing Score was 13.87 based on the GUSS tool. Paired t test was used to compute the mean difference. The t value for this mean difference between pre and post test Swallowing Score was 6.150. The t value obtained at .001 level of significance and at 29 degrees of freedom. Hence there is a significant difference exist between the mean pre and post test Swallowing Scores. It further implies that the Swallowing Score in the post test was higher than the pre test Swallowing Score. This improvement was due to the Selected Nursing Interventions such as Swallowing Exercises and Positioning while Swallowing. So the Swallowing Exercises such as Shaker Exercise and Hyoid Lift Maneuver found to be effective in improving the Swallowing Performance in Stroke patients. The final result concluded that 22 subjects (73.3%) expressed improvement after the treatment. Remaining 8 subjects (26.7%) had no changes in their Swallowing Performance after the therapy. The median of pre-test Feeding Score among subjects was 5 and the median of post-test Feeding Score was 6.5. Sign test was computed to find out the difference between the pre and post test median Scores of Feeding. The sign test Score showed the p value 0.000 which was significant at .001 level. It showed that, a significant difference present between the pre and post test Feeding Scores. It further implies that the Feeding Score in post test was higher than the pre test Feeding Score. This improvement in the Feeding Performance was due to the Selected Nursing Interventions. So the Swallowing Exercises were effective in improving the Feeding Performance in Stroke patients having Dysphagia. Median test was used to compare the effect between the pre test and post test group instead of mean as because the FOIS was a 7 point likert scale. As the variables did not follow the normality and the highest Score was 7, parametric test was not applicable. Hence non parametric sign test was adopt ed which is equivalent to paired t test to find out the effectiveness. The result of the present study was substantiated with a study conducted by Mepani et al., in 2005 on augmentation of deglutitive thyrohyoid muscle shortening by the Shaker Exercise. The study involved the effect of 6 weeks shaker exercise in 11 dysphagic patients; six patients were randomized to control group and 5 patients to the Shaker Exercise group. After the therapy the change in thyrohyoid distance among Shaker Exercise group was significantly greater compared to the control group (p=0.034), this subsequently improve the swallowing function of the patients. Association of the Swallowing and Feeding Performance with selected Demographic and Clinical variables among patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia The Fisher exact test was used to associate the selected Demographic and Clinical variables with the Swallowing and Feeding Performance of the patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia. The calculated p values for the association between the Swallowing Performance of Post Stroke patients with the selected Demographic and Clinical variables such as Sex, Habits, Type of Stroke and Co-morbid Illness were not significant and hence there exist no association between them. The calculated p values for the association between the Feeding Performance of Post Stroke patients with selected Demographic and Clinical variables such as Sex, Habits, Type of Stroke and history of Co-morbid Illness were not significant and hence there is no association between them. SUMMARY The aim of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of Selected Nursing Interventions on Swallowing and Feeding Performance among patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia, for which the following objectives were formulated; To assess the Swallowing and Feeding Performance of patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia. To determine the effectiveness of Selected Nursing Interventions on Swallowing and Feeding Performance in patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia. To associate the Swallowing and Feeding Performance with selected Demographic and Clinical variables. The study was based on Ernesteine Wiedenbachs helping art of clinical nursing theory (1970). The research design applied for the study was pre experimental single group pre test-post test design. Study was conducted in KMCH. 30 samples were selected by non probability purposive sampling technique. The tool used for data collection consists of Demographic and Clinical variables, Gugging Swallowing Screen (GUSS) and Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) to assess the Swallowing and Feeding Performance in Post Stroke Dysphagic patients. The data were collected for a period of 6 weeks. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used in statistical analysis, to assess the effectiveness of Selected Nursing Interventions among patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia. Fisher exact test was used to find out the association between the selected Demographic and Clinical variables with the Swallowing and Feeding Performance in patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia. Major findings of the study On the basis of Gugging Swallowing Screening (GUSS), the investigator observed the degrees of improvement in Swallowing difficulty after the therapy among patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia. About 16.67% of the subjects had No Dysphagia, 26.67% had Mild Dysphagia, 23.33% had Moderate Dysphagia, and 33.33% had Severe Dysphagia. In accordance with the Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS), 36.67% of the subjects were in Tube Dependent category and 63.33% were in Total Oral Intake category with sustained improvement in the Feeding Performance. The mean pre test score of the Swallowing Performance using Gugging Swallowing Screening (GUSS) tool was 12.50. The mean post test Score of the Swallowing Performance using GUSS evaluation tool was 13.87. There was a significant difference between the mean pre-test and post-test Swallowing Performance Score. The t value obtained was 6.150 which is significant at 0.001 level and at 29 degrees of freedom. The final result explained that, 22 subjects (73.3%) expressed Swallowing improvement after the treatment. Remaining eight subjects (26.7%) had no changes in their Swallowing Performance after the therapy. Median test was used to compare the Feeding Performance Score of the pre and post test groups. The median pre test Feeding Performance of the patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia was 5 with a range of 1 to 6 and that of post median test was 6.5 with a range of 1 to 7. The non parametric sign test was used to find out the effectiveness of the therapy on Feeding Performance. The obtained p value was 0.000 at 0.01 level of significance. This revealed a significant improvement in the Feeding Performance of Post Stroke Dysphagic patients. The final result revealed that 24 respondents (80%) showed an improvement in their Feeding Performance after the therapy and was assessed by FOIS scoring. But remaining six respondents (20%) showed no changes in the Feeding Performance when assessed by FOIS. There was no significant association exist between the Swallowing and Feeding Performance of the Post Stroke Dysphagic patients with the selected Demographic and Clinical variables. CONCLUSION The study was tested and accepted the hypothesis that there is a significant difference in Swallowing and Feeding Performance before and after the implementation of Selected Nursing Interventions in Post Stroke patients with Dysphagia. The result concluded that the study group had better outcome than the others. There was a significant improvement in the Swallowing and Feeding Performance of the Post Stroke Dysphagic patients after the Exercise and Positioning therapy. The participants had reduced the risk of aspiration and aspiration related complications after the therapy. Hence, Selected Nursing Interventions such as Swallowing Exercises like Shaker exercise and Hyoid Lift Maneuver and positioning during Swallowing can be recommended for the patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia. IMPLICATIONS The present study has its own implications in nursing practice, nursing education, nursing administration and nursing research. Nursing practice: Dysphagia is one of the major complications among Post Stroke patients. This study implies the effectiveness of Selected Nursing Interventions in the improvement of Swallowing and Feeding Performance among the Post Stroke Dysphagic patients. This study creates awareness among the nursing personnel about the importance of the various complications after the Stroke and its various evidence based management. The present study shows that the exercise intervention for the Post Stroke Dysphagic patients can prevent the risk of aspiration and aspiration pneumonia. The result shows that, Selected Nursing Intervention for the Post Stroke patients can reduce the risk of malnourishment. Nurses can gain skill for providing Swallowing Exercises in the Post Stroke Dysphagic patients to improve their quality of life. Nursing Education: The nurse educator can create awareness among the health care professionals about the complicated effects of Stroke and its various evidence based management. The nurse educator can arrange in-service Education programs to update their knowledge regarding the new techniques and modalities to manage the Post Stroke Dysphagia. The nurse educator can teach the students about the present study findings and its implication in patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia. This will help to improve the knowledge of the students on Swallowing Exercises. The nurse educator can motivate the nursing personnel and students to use this Swallowing Exercises and positioning in the improvement of Swallowing and Feeding Performance and in the reduction of aspiration risk in Post Stroke Dysphagic patients. Nursing administration: Nurse administrator should aware of the problem experienced by the clients after the Stroke. Nurse administrator can provide continuing education or short term courses in the clinical area for preparing the nurses with competence in managing the after effects of Stroke especially Dysphagia. Nurse administrator can plan and organize seminars, workshops and conferences about Selected Nursing Interventions for the improvements of Swallowing and Feeding Performance among patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia. Nurse administrator can formulate protocol to incorporate the study findings in nursing intervention. Nursing research: This study provides a basis for further studies. The findings of the study can be a foundation for conducting the study on large sample to strongly support the efficacy. The implications of the study can be used as a motivation for nurses to conduct research in India, where the health care system is advancing. This study helps to update the knowledge and proper utilization of resources in the field of nursing practice. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY The study was limited to small sample size of 30 subjects. The study was limited to a single setting. The study was conducted using a single group. RECOMMENDATIONS A similar study can be conducted with large number of subjects to generalize the research findings. A study can be conducted at different settings. Similar study can be undertaken using different Swallowing and lingual exercises. This study can be conducted with experimental and quasi experimental design. A comparative study can be conducted between different types of Swallowing Exercises in Post Stroke Dysphagic patients. A similar study can be done to assess the effectiveness of Swallowing Exercises among patients with Dysphagia who are receiving head and neck radiation for cancer. ABSTRACT The present study entitled Effectiveness of Selected Nursing Interventions on Swallowing and Feeding Performance among patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia at KMCH, Coimbatore-14. This study was undertaken during the year 2012-2013, in partial fulfillment of requirement for the degree of Master of Science in Nursing at KMCH College of Nursing, Coimbatore, which is affiliated to the Tamilnadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai. Objectives: 1.To assess the Swallowing and Feeding Performance of patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia. 2. To determine the effectiveness of Selected Nursing Interventions on Swallowing and Feeding Performance in patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia. 3. To associate the Swallowing and Feeding Performance with selected Demographic and Clinical variables. Research Design: Pre experimental design with single group pre test-post test design. Setting: Neuro inpatient and outpatient department of Kovai Medical Center and Hospital, Coimbatore. Samples: All Post Stroke Dysphagic patients. Sample Size: The sample size was 30. Sampling Technique: Non probability purposive sampling. Conceptual framework: Ernestine Widenbachs Helping Art of Clinical Nursing Theory (1970) was adopted. Intervention: Selected Nursing Interventions such as Swallowing Exercises and Positioning during the swallowing were incorporated. The clients were instructed to do the Shaker Exercise and Hyoid Lift Manoeuvre 3 to 6 times a day for a period of 6 weeks. The subjects were instructed to elevate or down the chin and tilt the head towards stronger side while Swallowing. Outcome Measures: Swallowing and Feeding Performance was assessed by Gugging Swallowing Screen (GUSS) and Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) respectively. Results: The mean difference between pre and post test Swallowing Score was 6.150 and which was significant at 0.001 level. The p value obtained for Feeding Score was 0.000 at 0.001 level of significance. The result showed a significant improvement in the Swallowing and Feeding Performance. Conclusion: This study proved that the implementation of Selected Nursing Interventions rather than the other conventional treatment will improve Swallowing and Feeding Performance among Post Stroke patients with Dysphagia. Hence the Swallowing Exercises and Positioning can be recommended in clinical practice to improve the Swallowing and Feeding Performance in Post Stroke Dysphagic patients.